Plot to Kill Jesus (John 11:45-57)

John 11:45-57 illustrates how human opposition to Jesus ultimately serves God's salvific purpose. The passage highlights Jesus' sacrificial death, the gathering of believers, and the blindness of those who reject him.

After Jesus raises Lazarus from the dead, many Jews believe in him (ἐπίστευσαν [episteusan]). However, some report the event to the Pharisees, leading the chief priests and the Sanhedrin to convene a council. They fear that if Jesus continues performing signs (σημεῖα [sēmeia]), the Romans will intervene, potentially destroying their nation and temple.

Caiaphas, the high priest, declares that it is better for one man to die for the people than for the whole nation to perish. Caiaphas’ statement reflects a deeper theological truth: Jesus' death is substitutionary. Though Caiaphas intends a political solution, the Gospel writer presents this as divine providence—Jesus dies to redeem many. The term "to die" (ἀποθνῄσκω [apothnēskō]) is key, as it signifies a purposeful, redemptive act rather than mere execution.

The Gospel explains that Caiaphas prophesies unknowingly (προεφήτευσεν [proepheteusen], "he prophesied beforehand") foretelling Jesus' sacrificial death not only for Israel but also to gather the scattered children of God (συναγάγῃ εἰς ἕν [synagagē eis hen], "gather into one"). The phrase συναγάγῃ εἰς ἕν echoes themes of unity and restoration found in Old Testament prophecy (e.g., Ezekiel 37:21-22). Jesus’ mission extends beyond Israel, emphasizing his role in reconciling humanity.

From that day, the religious leaders plot to kill Jesus. Jesus then withdraws to Ephraim, staying away from public ministry. The passage ends with the approach of Passover, where people speculate whether Jesus will come to Jerusalem despite the authorities’ order to seize him.

Though the religious leaders plot against Jesus, their actions fulfill divine purposes. Caiaphas, unknowingly acting as a prophet, speaks words of greater truth than he realizes. This reflects the biblical theme of God using human intentions, even evil ones, to accomplish his redemptive plan (cf. Genesis 50:20).