Death Through Adam, Life Through Christ (Romans 5:12-21)

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In this passage, the Apostle Paul explains how sin entered the world through Adam, and how Jesus Christ came to offer redemption from this sin. While all humanity is inherently sinful due to the original sin of Adam, salvation and righteousness are available to all through the grace of Jesus Christ. Paul underscores the importance of Christ's sacrifice and the transformative power of His grace. The significance of this passage lies in its presentation of the core Christian doctrine of salvation through Jesus Christ. It highlights the contrast between the fallen state of humanity and the redemption offered by Christ. This passage emphasizes the all-encompassing nature of Christ's sacrifice and the assurance of salvation for those who accept His gift of grace. It is foundational for understanding the Christian perspective on sin, grace, and salvation.

Vocabulary

Word Meaning
διά through (with G); for, therefore (with A)
οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο this
ὥσπερ just as
εἰς to; in (with A)
ἄνθρωπος, ου, ὁ man
ὁ, ἡ, τό the
ἁμαρτία, ας, ἡ sin
κόσμος, ου, ὁ order; the world
εἰσέρχομαι enter; come into
καί and

Biblical text

5:12Διὰ τοῦτο ὥσπερ δι’ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου ἁμαρτία εἰς τὸν κόσμον εἰσῆλθεν, καὶ διὰ τῆς ἁμαρτίας θάνατος, καὶ οὕτως εἰς πάντας ἀνθρώπους θάνατος διῆλθεν, ἐφ’ πάντες ἥμαρτον·13ἄχρι γὰρ νόμου ἁμαρτία ἦν ἐν κόσμῳ, ἁμαρτία δὲ οὐκ ἐλλογεῖται μὴ ὄντος νόμου·14ἀλλὰ ἐβασίλευσεν θάνατος ἀπὸ Ἀδὰμ μέχρι Μωϋσέως καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς μὴ ἁμαρτήσαντας ἐπὶ τῷ ὁμοιώματι τῆς παραβάσεως Ἀδάμ, ὅς ἐστιν τύπος τοῦ μέλλοντος.15Ἀλλ’ οὐχ ὡς τὸ παράπτωμα, οὕτως καὶ τὸ χάρισμα· εἰ γὰρ τῷ τοῦ ἑνὸς παραπτώματι οἱ πολλοὶ ἀπέθανον, πολλῷ μᾶλλον χάρις τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ δωρεὰ ἐν χάριτι τῇ τοῦ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ εἰς τοὺς πολλοὺς ἐπερίσσευσεν.16καὶ οὐχ ὡς δι’ ἑνὸς ἁμαρτήσαντος τὸ δώρημα· τὸ μὲν γὰρ κρίμα ἐξ ἑνὸς εἰς κατάκριμα, τὸ δὲ χάρισμα ἐκ πολλῶν παραπτωμάτων εἰς δικαίωμα.17εἰ γὰρ τῷ τοῦ ἑνὸς παραπτώματι θάνατος ἐβασίλευσεν διὰ τοῦ ἑνός, πολλῷ μᾶλλον οἱ τὴν περισσείαν τῆς χάριτος καὶ τῆς δωρεᾶς τῆς δικαιοσύνης λαμβάνοντες ἐν ζωῇ βασιλεύσουσιν διὰ τοῦ ἑνὸς Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ.18Ἄρα οὖν ὡς δι’ ἑνὸς παραπτώματος εἰς πάντας ἀνθρώπους εἰς κατάκριμα, οὕτως καὶ δι’ ἑνὸς δικαιώματος εἰς πάντας ἀνθρώπους εἰς δικαίωσιν ζωῆς·19ὥσπερ γὰρ διὰ τῆς παρακοῆς τοῦ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου ἁμαρτωλοὶ κατεστάθησαν οἱ πολλοί, οὕτως καὶ διὰ τῆς ὑπακοῆς τοῦ ἑνὸς δίκαιοι κατασταθήσονται οἱ πολλοί.20νόμος δὲ παρεισῆλθεν ἵνα πλεονάσῃ τὸ παράπτωμα· οὗ δὲ ἐπλεόνασεν ἁμαρτία, ὑπερεπερίσσευσεν χάρις,21ἵνα ὥσπερ ἐβασίλευσεν ἁμαρτία ἐν τῷ θανάτῳ, οὕτως καὶ χάρις βασιλεύσῃ διὰ δικαιοσύνης εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν.