Vocabulary

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Leprosy: Regulations About Defiling Skin (Leviticus 13:1-46)

The Leviticus 13-14 presents the major discussion of צָרַעַת (zaraʻat) meaning "skin disease" traditionally associated with leprosy. According to today's scientific findings, however, the entity causing leprosy is bacillus Mycobacterium leprae (Hansen's disease). Therefore, today the agreement...

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Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16:1-34)

The day of atonement represented the key event in the whole year for Israel. It was a time when holy sanctuary was cleased from sins. The sins of the people were transfered to a goat, who was expeled to the desert. In this manner all of Israel's sins were removed.

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Numbers

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Priestly Blessing (Numeri 6:23-27)

The text of Numbers 6:23-27 is known as Priestly Blessing or Birkat Kohanim (coming from Hebrew ברכת כהנים). This liturgical text bears a strong expression of the idea of God in the Old Testament. The passage is a conclusion of a series of priestly legislation. The primary concern of the text is...

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Deuteronomy

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Small Historical Creed (Deuteronomy 6:20-25)

In summary the text is trying to communicate this advice or warning: Remember what the Lord has done. It is all based on the question the Lord is suggesting that future generations will ask: "What is the meaning of the stipulations, decrees and laws the Lord our God has commanded you?" (Dt...

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Holy War (Deuteronomy 20:1-20)

The term "holy war" refers to a sort of warfare that is dedicated to the purposes of the Lord.  God himself is also an active participant it this kind of war. The Old Testament does not use the term “holy war.” Instead, it was coined by the German scholar Friedrich Schwally in the early...

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Accusation of a woman (Deuteronomy 22:13-21)

The content of this passage deals with the situation in which a husband accuses his wife of not being a virgin at the time of marriage. The passage prescribes a specific procedure to be followed by the parents of the accused woman, the husband, and the community elders. If the accusation is proven...

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Adultery and Betrothal Transgressions (Deuteronomy 22:22-29)

The text presents a series of laws concerning sexual misconduct, focusing on adultery and transgressions related to betrothal. These verses emphasize the importance of maintaining moral and ethical standards within the community, especially regarding sexual relationships and marriage. The...

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Dissatisfaction with a woman (Deuteronomy 24:1-4)

Deuteronomy 24:1-4 outlines the regulations regarding divorce and remarriage in ancient Israel, with a particular focus on protecting the rights and dignity of women. The passage begins by explaining that if a man finds something indecent about his wife, he may write her a certificate of...

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Levirate marriage (Deuteronomy 25:5-10)

In this passage, the practice of levirate marriage is described. This custom instructs that if a man dies without having any children, his brother is expected to marry his widow in order to provide an heir for the deceased brother. The passage displays that if a man dies without children, his...

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Joshua

The biblical book of Joshua describes the conquest and settlement of the land of Canaan by the Israelites under the leadership of Joshua, who succeeded Moses as the leader of the Israelites. The book is divided into two main parts: the conquest of the land and the distribution of the land among...

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Judge Othniel (Judges 3:8-11)

Othniel (עָתְנִיאֵל בֶּן קְנַז, Otniel ben Kenaz) was the first of the judges of Israel. The name Othniel can be interpreted as  „Protector of God“ or „Protection (is) God“. Some time after the death of Joshua, the Israelites once again turned to sin and fell under the subjection of...

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Judge Ehud (Judges 3:12-30)

Ehud (אֵהוּד בֶּן־גֵּרָא, Ehúd ben Géráh) is the second judge who was sent by God to deliver the Israelites from Moabite domination resulting in peace lasting for eighty years. He is described as being left-handed and a member of the Tribe of Benjamin.  The judge is sent to the Moabite King...

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Judge Shamgar (Judges 3:31)

Shamgar deflected Philistine raids into Israel and slaughtered 600 of the invaders with an ox goad. The text is very unordinary compared with the records of other judges. The reference to Shamgar has no introduction, conclusion, or relation to the length of reign. It continues directly from the...

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Judge Debora and Barak (Judges 4:1-5:31)

Deborah was the fourth judge and the only female judge mentioned in the Bible. She presented her judgments underneath a date palm tree. Since Deborah had a prophetic gift, she instructed Barak that God appointed him to lead an attack against Jabin, the king of Canaan, and his military commander...

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Jotham's Parable (Judges 9:7-21)

There are not many parables in the OT as we can find in the NT. The parable is a critique on the aftermath of the narrative about Gidon. The metaphorical picture it conveys is from the realm of trees evaluating certain qualities of them.

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Judge Tola (Judges 10:1-2)

Tola judged Israel for 23 years after the death of Abimelech. He lived and was also buried at Shamir in Mount Ephraim.

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Judge Jair (Judges 10:3–5)

The name of judge Jair (יָאִיר) means "he enlightens." He was a man from Gilead of the Tribe of Manasseh, east of the River Jordan, who judged Israel for 22 years. The passage mentioning this judge is only of three verses long and describes general whereabouts, years of reign and sons of Jair.

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Judge Ibzan (Judges 12:8-10)

Ibzan is the ninth judge of Israel. He was from Bethlehem and had very numerous offspring. He ruled over Israel for seven years.

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